程序员如何在五分钟内构建个人网盘服务？| 技术头条

admin 2024-06-30 00:12:43

作者 | 阿木

责编 | 郭芮

在目前众多网盘小场纷纷宣布自己倒下或者即将倒下的时代，大家除了使用几个大厂的服务外，也可另辟蹊径搭建一套属于自己的网盘服务。

针对个人需要的数据云备份、云存储、数据分享、在线视频、音乐等本文中部署的个人网盘皆可满足。话不多说，下面我们就进入个人网盘搭建的正文。本文中底层的云存储工具我们以owncloud为例。

根据维基百科介绍，ownCloud 是一个自由且开源的个人云存储解决方案，包括服务器和客户端两部分。

ownCloud 最早由KDE开发者Frank Karlitschek于2010年一月创建，目标是成为商业云存储服务商的替代。与商业云存储不同，ownCloud可以自由获取无需付费，但相应的，用户必须自行架设ownCloud服务器。

ownCloud在客户端可透过网页界面，或者安装专用的客户端软件来使用。网页界面当然就是任何能开网页的平台都支持，而客户端软件也支持相当多平台，Windows、Linux、iOS、Android皆有。

以下为部署的具体过程。

首先我们需要一台服务器，在此我们以本地自己搭建的一台虚拟机为例，发行版和内核信息如下：

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) [root@localhost ~]# uname -aLinux work 3.10.0-327.36.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Sun Sep 18 13:04:29 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux[root@localhost ~]#

部署环境准备完成后，我们在虚拟机上安装下红帽的yum源：

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y epel-releaseLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksDetermining fastest mirrors * base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn * epel: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cnPackage epel-release-7-11.noarch already installed and latest versionNothing to do[root@localhost ~]#

由于我前面已经更新过虚拟机的yum源，因此并未做什么更新。

然后我们需要在虚拟机上部署下Docker 运行的环境，在此我们直接采用yum在线安装的方式直接安装下。其他部署方式，诸如源码编译安装等感兴趣的同学可以自行参考Docker 官网安装教程（https://docs.sevenbridges.com/docs/install-docker）进行部署。

Docker 安装过程可能需要几分钟的时间，安装完成后需要启动下 Docker 守护进程：

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker[root@localhost ~]#

查看下 Docker 守护进程是否已经在运行：

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status docker docker.service - Docker Application Container EngineLoaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Mon 2019-02-25 15:35:52 CST; 46s ago Docs: http://docs.docker.com Main PID: 14413 (dockerd-current) CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service ├─14413 /usr/bin/dockerd-current --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd --selinux-enabled=false --insecure-registry gcr... └─14428 /usr/bin/docker-containerd-current -l unix:///var/run/docker/libcontainerd/docker-containerd.sock --metrics-int...Feb 25 15:35:52 work docker-current[14413]: time="2019-02-25T15:35:52.555468533+08:00" level=info msg="Firewalld running: false"Feb 25 15:35:52 work docker-current[14413]: time="2019-02-25T15:35:52.650339401+08:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docke...dress"Feb 25 15:35:52 work docker-current[14413]: time="2019-02-25T15:35:52.675313581+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."Feb 25 15:35:52 work docker-current[14413]: time="2019-02-25T15:35:52.676370514+08:00" level=warning msg="Not using native d...o fix"Feb 25 15:35:52 work docker-current[14413]: time="2019-02-25T15:35:52.676966551+08:00" level=warning msg="failed to retrieve...$PATH"Feb 25 15:35:52 work docker-current[14413]: time="2019-02-25T15:35:52.677003665+08:00" level=warning msg="failed to retrieve...rsion"Feb 25 15:35:52 work docker-current[14413]: time="2019-02-25T15:35:52.677250954+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed ...ation"Feb 25 15:35:52 work docker-current[14413]: time="2019-02-25T15:35:52.677267059+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit...1.13.1Feb 25 15:35:52 work docker-current[14413]: time="2019-02-25T15:35:52.681264961+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /var/ru....sock"Feb 25 15:35:52 work systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.[root@localhost ~]#

设置开机自启：

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.

确认下是否可以查看到 Docker 的info 信息，正常部署完成可以看到Docker 的 info 信息：

[root@localhost ~]# docker infoContainers: 0 Running: 0 Paused: 0 Stopped: 0Images: 0Server Version: 1.13.1Storage Driver: overlay2 Backing Filesystem: xfs Supports d_type: false Native Overlay Diff: falseLogging Driver: json-fileCgroup Driver: systemdPlugins:  Volume: local Network: bridge host macvlan null overlaySwarm: inactiveRuntimes: runcDefault Runtime: runcInit Binary: docker-initcontainerd version: (expected: aa8187dbd3b7ad67d8e5e3a15115d3eef43a7ed1)runc version: N/A (expected: 9df8b306d01f59d3a8029be411de015b7304dd8f)init version: N/A (expected: 949e6facb77383876aeff8a6944dde66b3089574)Security Options: seccomp Profile: defaultKernel Version: 3.10.0-327.36.1.el7.x86_64Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)OSType: linuxArchitecture: x86_64Number of Docker Hooks: 3CPUs: 4Total Memory: 976.9 MiBName: workID: V7HM:XRBY:P6ZU:SGWK:J52L:VYOY:UK6L:TR45:YJRC:SZBS:DQRF:CFP5Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/dockerDebug Mode (client): falseDebug Mode (server): falseRegistry: https://hub-mirror.c.163.com/v1/Experimental: falseInsecure Registries: gcr.io 127.0.0.0/8Live Restore Enabled: falseRegistries: hub-mirror.c.163.com (secure), docker.io (secure)[root@localhost ~]#

从结果可以看出，当前我们安装的Docker 版本为1.13。

Docker 环境部署结束后，我们需要pull下ownload 的镜像，在docker pull 之前我们需要先登录下目标hub：

[root@localhost ~]# docker login -u 账号 -e your@email hub.c.163.com Flag --email has been deprecated, will be removed in 1.14.Password: Login Succeeded[root@localhost ~]#

拉取owncloud 镜像：

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull hub.c.163.com/library/owncloud:latestTrying to pull repository hub.c.163.com/library/owncloud ... sha256:fdda568e8fef81f69df873d965d67d112eff770cff64f9b1ba055c7e19ea6ac0: Pulling from hub.c.163.com/library/owncloud3ebc4e3ed1b2: Pull complete c564d17b49c8: Pull complete c424469b3e97: Pull complete 5e11f00270e2: Pull complete 4e954eec6dd4: Pull complete 176ba716cc40: Pull complete 59f7c8998494: Pull complete 7c3913488b7f: Pull complete 2409b3c9501c: Pull complete b675e82c75a1: Pull complete 6f624c1c100d: Pull complete 7d41dd54b1c4: Pull complete b7990372920c: Pull complete 99d88c7f1c49: Pull complete 00e2690b63a6: Pull complete 8ff08f48bba5: Pull complete 658c2474e164: Pull complete 92371a48c368: Pull complete fc513e087257: Pull complete bf45de679453: Pull complete Digest: sha256:fdda568e8fef81f69df873d965d67d112eff770cff64f9b1ba055c7e19ea6ac0Status: Downloaded newer image for hub.c.163.com/library/owncloud:latest[root@localhost ~]#

检查本地镜像：

[root@localhost ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEhub.c.163.com/library/owncloud latest 183d08975211 19 months ago 587 MB[root@localhost ~]#

可以看到ownload 镜像已经被拉取到本地，且tag为latest。

[root@localhost ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEhub.c.163.com/library/owncloud latest 183d08975211 19 months ago 587.2 MB[root@localhost ~]#

运行owncloud容器:

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name owncloud –p 80:80 -d hub.c.163.com/library/owncloud:latest a4e48b60d0eb3b233000c70d35bc602f1233bc37a9dac9252a3e0ffeddf4de29

容器名称owncloud，并将容器中的80端口映射到虚拟机的80端口，这样我们访问虚拟机的80端口时即可访问到容器的80端口，即owncloud。

查看owncloud 容器是否已经在后台运行起来：

[root@localhost ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESa4e48b60d0eb hub.c.163.com/library/owncloud:latest "docker-entrypoint.sh" 6 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp owncloud[root@localhost ~]#

Owncloud 中注册信息、配置信息等需要写入mysql，因此下面我们需要部署一下mysql 数据库服务，本文中我们将mysql部署到虚拟机上。

建议安装mysql5.7 或者更高的版本，否则在设置录owncloud时会报错：

具体过程如下：

首先需要先卸载掉CentOS7.x上自带的mariadb数据库，删除mariadb 数据库残留的数据库文件：

[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql*

下载mysql yum 源安装文件：

[root@localhost ~]# wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm--2019-02-25 20:57:41-- http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpmResolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:80... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved PermanentlyLocation: https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm [following]--2019-02-25 20:57:41-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpmConnecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 FoundLocation: https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm [following]--2019-02-25 20:57:52-- https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpmResolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 23.78.217.58Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|23.78.217.58|:443... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OKLength: 25548 (25K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]Saving to: ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm’100%[==============================================================================>] 25,548 --.-K/s in 0.03s 2019-02-25 20:57:52 (751 KB/s) - ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm’ saved [25548/25548]-c: No such file or directoryNo URLs found in -c.FINISHED --2019-02-25 20:57:52--Total wall clock time: 12sDownloaded: 1 files, 25K in 0.03s (751 KB/s)

安装下载的mysql yum 源：

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpmLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksExamining mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm: mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarchMarking mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm to be installedResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved======================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size========================================================================================================================Installing: mysql57-community-release noarch el7-10 /mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 30 kTransaction Summary========================================================================================================================Install 1 PackageTotal size: 30 kInstalled size: 30 kDownloading packages:Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Installing : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 1/1  Verifying : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 1/1 Installed: mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10 Complete!

yum 安装 mysql 服务：

[[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-serverLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksmysql57-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 mysql57-community/x86_64/primary_db | 170 kB 00:00:00 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.cn99.com * epel: mirror.premi.st * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cnResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.25-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.43-2.el7 will be updated---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.el7 will be an update--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.43-2.el7 will be updated---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.el7 will be an update--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved======================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size========================================================================================================================Installing: mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.25-1.el7 mysql57-community 165 MInstalling for dependencies: mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.25-1.el7 mysql57-community 24 MUpdating for dependencies: mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.25-1.el7 mysql57-community 274 k mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.25-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.2 MTransaction Summary========================================================================================================================Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)Upgrade ( 2 Dependent packages)Total download size: 192 MDownloading packages:No Presto metadata available for mysql57-community(1/4): mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 274 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.2 MB 00:00:01 (3/4): mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24 MB 00:00:13 (4/4): mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 165 MB 00:01:47 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 1.8 MB/s | 192 MB 00:01:48 Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction…………Installed: mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.el7 Dependency Installed: mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.el7 Dependency Updated: mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.el7 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.el7 Complete![root@localhost ~]#

安装完成后，需要启动下mysql服务：

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld

查看mysql 服务状态：

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2019-02-25 21:10:23 CST; 11s ago Docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html Process: 8120 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 8042 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 8123 (mysqld) Memory: 295.7M CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─8123 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pidFeb 25 21:10:10 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...Feb 25 21:10:23 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.[root@localhost ~]#

设置mysql 开机自启：

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld

设置完成后需要为owncloud 设置一个数据库账号，并新建一个数据库owncloud。

查看数据库原始密码：

[root@localhost ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log2019-02-25 20:36:49 3776 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'sha256_password'2019-02-25 20:36:49 3776 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_old_password'2019-02-25 20:36:49 3776 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_native_password'2019-02-25 20:52:46 7441 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'sha256_password'2019-02-25 20:52:46 7441 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_old_password'2019-02-25 20:52:46 7441 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_native_password'2019-02-25T13:10:18.272936Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: tletSusYl3%S2019-02-25T13:11:14.004386Z 2 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)[root@localhost ~]#

从结果看初始密码为：tletSusYl3%S。

我们先用原始密码登录数据库，然后修改初始密码，修改mysql 账号白名单：

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -pEnter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 5Server version: 5.7.25Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Root@owncloud123';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql>mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'Root@owncloud123';Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

新建数据库owncloud：

mysql> create database owncloud;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql>

以上即配置数据库的过程。

下面我们通过虚拟机的IP访问下owncloud：

根据页面提示配置信息。

Admin count 根据自己需要进行设置即可，中间的数据存放路径采用默认即可，数据库此处我们选择mysql/Mariadb，填写上文中我们设置的mysql的账号、密码、数据库，host填写虚拟机IP 即可。

此过程需要约1分钟，初始化成功后会自动跳转到登录界面：

查看数据库，此时可看到库owncloud中已经新建了很多表，且表oc_accounts中已经写入了我们刚刚注册的账号信息：

mysql> use owncloud;Database changedmysql> show tables;+-----------------------------+| Tables_in_owncloud |+-----------------------------+| oc_account_terms || oc_accounts || oc_addressbookchanges || oc_addressbooks || oc_appconfig || oc_authtoken || oc_calendarchanges || oc_calendarobjects || oc_calendars || oc_calendarsubscriptions || oc_cards || oc_cards_properties || oc_comments || oc_comments_read_markers || oc_credentials || oc_dav_shares || oc_external_applicable || oc_external_config || oc_external_mounts || oc_external_options || oc_federated_reshares || oc_file_locks || oc_filecache || oc_files_trash || oc_group_admin || oc_group_user || oc_groups || oc_jobs || oc_migrations || oc_mimetypes || oc_mounts || oc_notifications || oc_preferences || oc_privatedata || oc_properties || oc_schedulingobjects || oc_share || oc_share_external || oc_storages || oc_systemtag || oc_systemtag_group || oc_systemtag_object_mapping || oc_trusted_servers || oc_users || oc_vcategory || oc_vcategory_to_object |+-----------------------------+46 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from oc_accounts;+----+-------+----------+---------------+--------------+-------+------------+------------------+-----------------------------+-------+| id | email | user_id | lower_user_id | display_name | quota | last_login | backend | home | state |+----+-------+----------+---------------+--------------+-------+------------+------------------+-----------------------------+-------+| 1 | NULL | owncloud | owncloud | owncloud | NULL | 0 | OC\User\Database | /var/www/html/data/owncloud | 1 |+----+-------+----------+---------------+--------------+-------+------------+------------------+-----------------------------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

登录owncloud：

点击右上角用户名中的设置选项：

在新的页面中根据需要选择需要下载的客户端工具：

此处我们选择Desktop app，根据需要下载本地客户端：

客户端下载并安装后填写上文中注册的账号信息，客户端使用方式和常见商业网盘客户端使用方式基本一样。更多使用可以参看ownCloud官网文档(https://owncloud.org/)。

至此，大功告成。

作者简介：阿木，目前就职于国内某知名互联网公司，担任云计算技术部高级工程师，近3年云计算从业经验，爱读书、爱写作、爱技术。